The different ways in which men and women behave are linked to، but not necessarily determined by، their biological sex. Individuals are identifi ed as male or female on the basis of physical structures، which are determined by chromosomes، gonads، and hormones. This labeling occurs at birth and is the fi rst step in the process of developing gender identity — a sense of being male or female and what that means in one’ s society.

Children develop their vocabulary, learn social ROLES and build relationships through reading story books. They get familiar with behaviors and actions which are attributed to men and women through these books. So the way mens and womens ROLES are represented in story books is very important. It is the main goal of this research to see how gender patterns are represented in story books. Despite the fact that statistics show that Iranian women undertake important social ROLES and are not merely restricted to their traditional ROLES such as motherhood, housewifery, teaching and nursing, they rarely appear in some of the key and influential ROLES. The method applied in this research is content analysis.

The present study investigates the role and challenges of women's participation in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Despite some cultural and legal barriers, some cultural options and subjects have always been encouraged by their influential presence. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire survey, and using cochran formula, 333 women who were members of NGOs in lorestan province were questioned. Using the AMOS software, the fitness indices of the structural equation model have been evaluated and confirmation of hypotheses has been investigated. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between activity in the NGOs and the proximity of the system and the world life. Activity in NGOs have been tied to voluntary presence, and volunteering means flexibility in accepting ROLES and activities that extend to the entire life of the members. The following theories used in this research, including habermas' theory, show that man can take a selective approach to the world of life, although the apparently socio-economic system in various ways in the form of social ROLES from birth to the end of life prevents the creation of such communication.

Introduction: Educational agents are screen characters who can influence learners’,learning by playing different ROLES,this way, it has become one of the topics in the field of instructional technology and can be used in teaching various sciences as medicine. This study sought to identify the different ROLES that educational agents take on and their impact on learning outcomes and learner’, s behaviors. Methods: This study systematically examines the studies related to the ROLES of the educational agent and their impact during the years 2010 to 2019 in Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar and IEEEXplore databases by accurately and systematically identifying them. As to the selection of articles, only English articles based on an experimental study were examined. The keywords educational agent and pedagogical agent have been used to find articles. Results: Based on the search strategy, 126 articles were obtained and after deleting the items that could not be accessed to the article full text and the abstract did not contain complete information, or was not related to the questions of this study, 30 articles were reviewed. Findings revealed that educational agents in different situations take on different ROLES such as coach, specialist, facilitator, motivator, feedback, so on, and these ROLES have a positive effect on learners' learning and behaviors. Conclusion: The educational factor can have a positive effect on learning as well as learners' behaviors by adapting various ROLES such as feedback, motivator, facilitator, instructor, so on Accordingly, to develop elearning environments, it seems indispensable to use educational agents to improve the quality of learning.